Three bases and when each one holds up
Lettable area is the most common basis and the easiest to administer, but it assumes cleaning cost tracks floor size, which it does not where one tenancy generates far more traffic than another. Head count reflects use more accurately and is harder to keep current. A hybrid, weighting area but adjusting for a tenancy type that demonstrably drives more load, is often the most honest and the easiest to explain.
Whichever basis is chosen, the rationale matters more than the arithmetic. A landlord who can say the entry mat and lobby floor cost is weighted toward the ground floor retail tenancy because customer traffic generates that soil has an argument. One who can only point at a percentage inherited from a previous agent does not, and that is the position most disputes start from.
